Hemp, or industrial hemp (from Old English hænep), typically found in the Northern Hemisphere, is a strain of the Cannabis Sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. Hemp has lower concentrations of THC and higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD) than other plants from this family. Hemp is considered to be environmentally friendly due to a decrease of land use and other environmental impacts. For example, it requires few pesticides and no herbicides, and has been called a carbon negative raw material.

Hemp has been used by civilizations all over the world for thousands of years. The history of this plant goes as far back as 12,000 B.C.E. Written language developed on hemp paper, the first woven clothes were made of hemp fiber, and modern medicine evolved from extractions of hemp flowers. The bast fibers of the hemp plant can be used to make textiles. The inner fibers of the plant are used as mulch, animal bedding and litter. Oxidized hemp oil from the seeds is used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, creams, cooking, and plastics. Hemp seeds can be eaten raw, ground into hemp meal, sprouted or made into dried sprout powder. Hemp seeds can also be made into a liquid and used for baking or for beverages such as hemp milk and tisanes. Scientific and clinical research suggests compounds in hemp have potential for many wellness supporting benefits.

Hemp oil is cold-pressed from the seed and is high in unsaturated fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acids including linoleic acid (LA, 54%) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 3%), omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 17%) in addition to monounsaturated fat (5% to 11%) and stearidonic acid (2%). Cannabidiol (CBD) and terpenes like Borneol, Carene, Caryophyllene, Eucalyptol, Limonene, Linalool, Myrcene, Pinene and Terpineol are found. Elements like magnesium, iron, and calcium, and molecules like chlorophyll, flavonoids, and vitamins A, B, C, and E, and beta-Carotene are also found in the natural oil. Omega 6 and omega 3, hemp oil can be used to increase immunity, counteract aging skin and support cardiovascular health. Gamma-linolenic acid is eventually converted to the protective hormone PGE1 that regulates the hormonal balance and supports menopausal health.

Terpenes are molecules made up of isoprene (more accurately, isopentane) units. Terpenes usually have 5n carbon atoms (n is an integer) and are subdivided into monoterpenes (2 isoprene units), sesquiterpenes (3 isoprene units), diterpenes (4 isoprene units), sesterterpenes (5 isoprene units), and triterpenes (6 isoprene units). Terpenes are essentially the oils that give plants (including cannabis plants) their specific smell. They interact with our endocannabinoid system much like cannabinoids and can even influence neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, slowing or increasing production depending on the specific terpene.

Terpenoids form when terpenes are denatured by oxidation. This can take place naturally or during processing.

Myrcene is the most common terpene and has the ability to make the blood-brain barrier more penetrable. This allows itself and many other chemicals to affect the brain more easily. Myrcene itself is not psychotropic and can be found in the oil of hops, mangoes, bay leaves, eucalyptus, wild thyme, and lemongrass. B-Caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene, is the next most common terpene. It can act as an anti-inflammatory agent via the PGE-1 pathway and is also a selective full-on agonist at CB2. B-Caryophyllene and Myrcene are both examples of terpenes that can cause an “entourage effect” with phytocannabinoids present in plant extracts.

The entourage effect refers to how various cannabinoids and other natural constituents work together synergistically to magnify their potential wellness supporting properties. Introduced in 1998, a study by Israeli researchers Shimon Ben-Shabat and Raphael Mechoulam, the entourage effect theory maintains that isolated or synthetic cannabinoids aren’t as effective at eliciting curative effects as when all of the natural constituents work together harmoniously.

CBD is the cannabinoid Cannabidiol. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a Phytocannabinoid discovered in 1940. It is one of some 113 identified cannabinoids in cannabis plants and accounts for up to 40% of the plant’s extract. As of 2018, preliminary clinical research on cannabidiol included studies of anxiety, cognition, movement irregularities, and discomfort. CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning you do not ‘get high’ when it is consumed. For drug testing purposes, CBD is what is called an open-chain molecule, and will not cause a false positive for THC and its metabolites.

Cannabidiol can be taken into the body by inhalation, aerosol spray into the cheek, and by mouth.

The human body’s Endocannabinoid System produces naturally occurring cannabinoids, Anandamide and 2-AG(2-atachidonoylglycerol), which stimulates the body’s cannabinoid receptors. CBD supports the effects of anandamide (AEA), one of the two primary endocannabinoids in the body. Cannabidiol enhances the anandamide signaling by inhibiting the FAAH enzyme responsible for breaking down anandamide in the body. Less FAAH means more anandamide in the body, and less discomfort.

CBD supports neuropathic responses and provides inflammation support without causing tolerance. CBD also seems to also have antipsychotic, antianxiety supporting benefits. Studies have suggested some benefits in the areas of digestive reinforcement and better heart health. Cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPV4) are present on multiple cell types in the human skin (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, immune cells, neurons, subcutaneous fat cells and muscle layers). These receptors engage in “retrograde signaling,” that inhibits immune response, supports inflammation responses, can relax muscles, provides good blood pressure health, increases blood flow and can normalize over-stimulated nerves. In the epidermis, CBD inhibit keratinocyte proliferation, decrease keratinization and suppress cornified envelope formation, promote epidermal differentiation, and inhibit proliferation of keratinocytes. Studies have also shown it can improve reduced barrier function, increase hydration, reduce moisture loss, inhibit dermal fibrosis, suppress UV-B induced skin exposure, and provide inflammation maintenance.

Nano is a pre-fix (add-on) attached to words to indicate that something is one millionth the size of a meter. By itself, the prefix Nano has no other functional meaning. Some materials can be nano-sized and do absolutely nothing physically or chemically. Other materials can be nano-sized and suddenly become chemically active or take on other unexpected characteristics. Being Nano by itself does not guarantee better effectiveness. Effectiveness is a complex function of size, penetrability, interaction with tissues, cells, and normal biochemical processes. A Nano material that is designed to do something specific in all these areas is “smart”.

There are two groups of Nano-materials, hard and soft. They can be made from any material or combination of materials, but not all materials and their combination are stable and may c

Hard nanomaterials are usually made of solid metals or their oxides. Though small, they may not be able to penetrate into tissue if their surfaces are not compatible with living cells. However, if they accumulate enough fats, salts and proteins on their surface they may manage to pass through. In spite of this, cells cannot digest them and eventually (could take a while) they will be released from the body. While normally unreactive, if they find themselves in the right environment it is possible for them to slowly release metal atoms into their surrounding which could lead to side effects. Today, it is possible to make hollow solid particles and fill the insides with other substances. The issues with biodegradability of the shell material remain.

Soft nanomaterials are usually made of organic materials that are similar in composition to tissues in the human body. They have a preferred size and shape depending on the molecules used. They want to maintain this shape as much as possible. Some people call these types of materials self-assembling and self-healing. They are much more biodegradable than Hard Nano. These nanoparticles are usually hollow or semisolid, with one or more open compartments to carry other substances. SWISS NANOSHELL CBND™ is made using Soft Nanotechnology.

No. A molecule by definition is a set of atoms connected in a special way to make a substance with unique property. Most molecules are 1-2 nm in size, with a few special cases up to 5-10 nm. Some have a tendency to swim in small clusters of 2-3 molecules. Thus, a molecule is already “Nano” in size. But this does not make the molecule either more absorbable or bioavailable. This molecule simple gets dissolved in a liquid. Some dissolved complex molecules like proteins which have a net electric charge at neutral pH, can have water molecules loosely associated with them. As they move around they carry these loosely associated water molecules like a halo around each of them. But this is only keeps them from aggregating together over time. It doesn’t necessarily mean anything for absorbability or bioavailability.